This study investigates the influence of socio-economic factors on the development of Indonesia’s capital market, with the Jakarta Composite Index (JCI) serving as the primary performance indicator. The analysis incorporates key variables such as unemployment, higher education, gross domestic product (GDP), inflation, the housing market, crude oil prices, and the USD/IDR exchange rate. Using a quantitative approach and multiple linear regression based on monthly secondary data from 2014 to 2024, the research draws upon datasets from the Central Bureau of Statistics, Bank Indonesia, and other authoritative economic sources. The findings reveal that several macroeconomic and social variables exert both partial and simultaneous effects on JCI movements, underscoring the capital market’s sensitivity to domestic socio-economic dynamics. This study provides empirical evidence that capital market performance in emerging economies is not only shaped by traditional financial indicators but also by broader socio-economic conditions. The results hold significant implications for investors in portfolio allocation, for policymakers in designing stabilizing economic policies, and for academics seeking to advance the discourse on financial market development in Indonesia and comparable markets.