USD Conference Systems, Theology International Conference 2025

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Nicene Council: a Crucial Process in The Formation of Christian Doctrine and Ecclesiastical Discipline
Agus Widodo

Last modified: 2025-03-13

Abstract


In 2025, the Church commemorates the 1700th anniversary of the Council of Nicaea, held in 325. Most of us know the council primarily for the Creed it produced, though the version commonly used today was later modified at the Council of Constantinople and adapted for liturgical purposes. This discussion aims to broaden our understanding of Nicaea beyond the Creed. In addition to formulating the Creed, the council also produced 20 canons addressing various ecclesiastical disciplines. Regarding the Creed, while the Fathers of the Council were responsible for its final formulation – preserved to this day as a norm of faith – they did not start from scratch. They articulated the Creed based on “what they had received and understood” to then “hand it down”. The same applies to the canons of ecclesiastical discipline, which were not entirely new but built upon inherited traditions. Therefore, the Council of Nicaea should be seen as a crucial process in the formation of Christian doctrine, particularly concerning Christology and the Trinity, as well as in laying the foundation for ecclesiastical discipline. As a process, neither its doctrinal nor disciplinary outcomes were fixed and unchangeable but remained part of the Church’s living tradition. This means they were not definitive solutions to all doctrinal and disciplinary issues but required ongoing understanding and reception, as well as adjustments and revisions – whether through additions or omissions – over time.


Keywords


Nicene Council, Christian doctrine, ecclesiastical discipline, creed, canon.